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If you were a chef, you would strive to improve the quality of the dishes you serve your customers. And to make the food more enjoyable to eat, paying attention to the "environment in which the food is eaten" (such as the serving plate) might be just as important as the food itself.

So, what exactly am I talking about? Video advertising.

If you replace the chef with the "video ad sender," the dish with the "ad expression type," the plate with the "video media," and the quality of the dining experience with the "desired attitude change" (advertising effect), you'll see how this connects to my point.

The refined elegance of Meissen porcelain and the unique colors and shapes of Oribe ware create vastly different atmospheres. Top chefs, deeply familiar with each's qualities, calculate the synergy between dish and tableware according to the mood their guests seek, crafting the ultimate dining experience.

Are we, as video ad creators, delivering the ideal "combination of dish (ad expression) and plate (media)" to viewers, tailored to the desired advertising effect, just like top chefs?

If advertising expression is the "dish" and advertising media is the "plate," what constitutes the ultimate dining experience?

Today, media capable of displaying video ads has diversified beyond traditional TV to include online video sharing/streaming services, social media, news sites, and train station displays.

To use the chef analogy: for a long time, there was only one type of plate (TV commercials). Suddenly, plates of unprecedented colors and shapes became available, leaving chefs unsure how to plate their dishes on these new vessels.

Figure 1: The Dish (Advertising Expression) and the Plate (Advertising Media)

図1 皿(メディア)と料理(広告表現)の組み合わせで広告効果が変わる
Illustration: YUKO TAKAKI

In such a situation, it would be helpful to have guidelines on the nature of the new plates (advertising media) and how serving different dishes (advertising expressions) on them affects customer sentiment (attitude change).

DENTSU SOKEN INC. Media Innovation Research Department conducted a survey and analysis on "CM Types and Attitude Change in Video Advertising Media."

As explaining the survey overview and analysis methods would be lengthy, this article will omit those details and focus on presenting the conclusions.

ガイドラインの目的

As a preliminary step, let's first examine the "compatibility between media and attitude change effects." Figure 2 is essentially a "list of plate characteristics."

We defined four categories of desired advertising effects (attitude change): "Awareness/Interest," "Purchase Consideration," "Buzz/Spread," and "Fan Conversion." This includes not only traditional attitude changes expected from advertising, like "awareness" or "purchase intent," but also "attitude changes unrelated to direct purchase" often seen in online video campaigns, such as "making the ad a topic of conversation" or "participating in the campaign."

The numbers in the grid, such as "-0.059," represent the "distance" between each media and each attitude change. A closer distance (smaller number) indicates better compatibility. For clarity, media with good compatibility for each attitude change are colored red.

Figure 2: Compatibility between Video Ad Media (table body) and Attitude Changes (table header)

認知関心系購入検討系BUZZ拡散系
FAN化系
*MERY has made all articles private since December 7, 2016 (as of July 4, 2017)
※Cells with a deep red color indicate particularly good compatibility

Looking at the table, it appears each medium has its own "specialty" for attitude change. This suggests that media selection should vary depending on the desired attitude change.

Here's a summary of what we can glean from the table:

・Media well-suited for "Awareness/Interest"
→ TV (live viewing/recorded playback), YouTube, train station digital signage

・Media well-suited for "Purchase Consideration"
→ YouTube, Facebook, Yahoo! News, TV (live viewing/recorded playback), Twitter, train station digital signage

・Media well-suited for "BUZZ diffusion"
→ Instagram, AbemaTV, Gunosy, SmartNews, Niconico Video, GYAO!, Free catch-up streaming from broadcasters

・Media well-suited for "FAN conversion"
→ Instagram, Twitter, Facebook, Digital editions/sites of newspapers

Furthermore, specific media characteristics emerge, such as "TV (live viewing) showing particularly high affinity for 'made me want to buy it'." Identify the characteristics of each media (plate) based on your specific challenges.

Combination Groups: Pairing Dishes with Plates

While media characteristic guidelines are useful references, it's even more valuable to understand "combining this media with this ad expression yields this attitude change."

Therefore, we created guidelines that allow you to select the right combination of plate (media) and dish (advertising expression) from a list, based on the dining experience (attitude change effect) you want customers to enjoy.

This study examined a massive 17×17 combination of 17 video ad media (dishes) and 17 ad expression types (dishes) (see Figure 3 for details on ad types).

Since scrutinizing each one individually would be too labor-intensive, we analyzed the data using "cluster analysis" based on the compatibility trends between "each media and ad expression type combination" and "attitude change effect."

Figure 3: Advertising Expression Types Investigated in This Study

商品特徴型アイコン型第三者推奨型行動要請型コンテンツセントラル型企業/ブランド精神型

The cluster analysis revealed that these could be grouped into four distinct clusters, each showing strengths and weaknesses in attitude change effects. Since each group represents a collection of "media and advertising expression type combinations," we will henceforth refer to them as "Combination Groups" (CG).

Figure 4: Compatibility of Each Combination Group with Attitude Change

図4 各コンビネーショングループと態度変容の相性

The line graph in Figure 4 shows the compatibility of each CG1-CG4 with the respective attitude change. The closer the distance (i.e., the smaller the number on the left), the better the compatibility.

For example, the yellow line (CG1) shows particularly strong affinity with "Awareness/Interest" and "Purchase Consideration" attitude changes, while exhibiting low affinity with "BUZZ Diffusion" and "FAN Conversion."

Guidelines for Combination Groups and Attitude Change (Advertising Effectiveness)

Finally, the highlight of this paper: guidelines summarizing the characteristics of each CG.

Figure 5: Characteristics of Each Combination Group

CG1 需要生成型CG2 購買距離短縮型CG3 商品価値共有型
CG4 エンゲージ形成型
Due to space constraints, the combinations of media and advertising expression types in Figure 5 are limited to the main ones. For details, please contact Dentsu Inc.

【How to Use These Guidelines】
1.Select CG with matching "characteristics/skills" based on the campaign's marketing objectives and desired attitude change
2.From the combinations belonging to that CG, select the video media and advertising expression type

That's all.

Details of the Four Combination Groups

CG1 "Demand Generation Type"
This group has high affinity from "Awareness/Interest" to "Purchase Consideration."

It increases interest and favorability toward the company/brand, leading to "purchase consideration actions" like searches. This CG is particularly crucial for new product/service campaigns. It can be expected to play a vanguard role, taking the first step in building relationships with consumers.

Noteworthy is that CG1 encompasses a wide range of advertising expression types for the "TV (real-time viewing)" medium, including "Product Feature Type," "Icon Type," "Part of Content-Central Type," and "Company/Spirit Type." This flexibility in linking brand awareness and purchase through diverse advertising expressions represents a key advantage of TV in communication strategy.

The comfortable viewing environment in living rooms, the mental space afforded by the distance from the screen, and established viewing habits may foster an open-minded acceptance of advertising. As digital advertising advances with increasingly sophisticated targeting, the nature of non-targeted TV commercials deserves renewed attention.

Additionally, on "YouTube," "Product Feature Type" and "Icon Type" belong to CG1, while on media like "Facebook," "Twitter," and "digital editions of newspapers," "Part of Product Feature Type" belongs to CG1.


CG2 "Purchase Distance Reduction Type"
As the name suggests, this group is particularly strong at driving attitude changes related to "purchase consideration." It is also strong in the "awareness/interest" category.

It heightens purchase desire for brands that have already captured interest, guiding users toward consideration actions like searching or trying the product. The concept is to shorten the distance to the goal of purchase.

CG2 frequently combines with advertising expressions like "Product Feature Type" and "Icon Type" on media platforms with somewhat segmented users, such as "digital magazine editions/websites" and "video streaming services."

In other words, within somewhat active media engagement, even the same ad expression tends to be perceived as "more personalized product information." In traditional media terms, this group likely functions similarly to magazine advertising.

CG3 "Product Value Sharing Type"
This group shows particularly high affinity for attitude changes like "BUZZ diffusion" and "FAN conversion." It also has moderate affinity for "purchase consideration" types.

It can be expected to gradually permeate brand value into consumers' minds, such as "spreading the ad" and "getting them to like the brand."

Within this group, we frequently see combinations with advertising expressions like "third-party recommendation" and "content-central" formats, particularly on SNS platforms such as "Facebook" and "Twitter," as well as text-based news media like "digital newspaper editions/sites" and "Yahoo! News." When ads are accepted within these kinds of "public spaces" like SNS and news sites, it seems likely that, in addition to interest in the product, a kind of social resonance is easily generated.

The ads placed there also align more frequently with "non-direct product appeal" types like "third-party recommendation" and "content-central" formats.

CG4 "Engagement Formation Type"
This group is the exact opposite of CG1, excelling specifically in attitude changes related to "BUZZ diffusion" and "FAN conversion."

Rather than focusing on awareness or purchase intent, it boosts effects that enhance customers' voluntary engagement—such as "spreading ads," "campaign participation," and "expressing brand support"—effectively turning customers into allies.

It effectively addresses contemporary marketing challenges like "enhancing LTV (Lifetime Value) by improving customer quality."

It's striking that the SNS "Instagram" belongs to this CG when combined with many ad expression types, showing high affinity for both BUZZ diffusion and FAN conversion attitude changes. This likely stems from its image as a platform for sharing personal sensibilities, unaffected by marketing interests. Even advertisements, if they strike a chord, can be accepted like favorite posts and foster empathy.

Furthermore, many combinations involving video-based media like "GYAO!", "AbemaTV", and "NicoNico Douga" with the "Content Centralized Type" fall under CG4.

Spreading BUZZ and converting users into FANS requires a certain level of "self-projection" from consumers, making it inherently a high-barrier attitude change. CG4, which addresses this, holds rare value and should be leveraged effectively.

Fusing "Media Strategy" and "Communication Strategy" within the Combination Group!

One final point. By leveraging the CGs identified this time, we believe it may also be possible to bridge the often fragmented connection between "Communication Strategy" and "Media Strategy."

When envisioning a funnel that progressively upgrades customers—"Prospect → Trial User → Customer → Fan"—each CG corresponds as shown in Figure 6.

Figure 6: Combination Groups Corresponding to Each Stage of the Funnel

図6 ファネルの各段階に対応するコンビネーショングループ

This approach can also provide insights into the question: "How should we combine media and advertising expressions for each phase?"

Gaining a Perspective on Differences Through "Food and Plates"

Using the analogy of food and plates, I've shared my thoughts on video advertising based on research findings.

With the growth of digital media and advancements in ad technology, the "video ad" format continues to expand in scale. Amidst this, I had the impression that while reach and efficiency of video ads are discussed, differences in attitude change are rarely debated.

Looking back, during the era of the four traditional media (newspapers, magazines, radio, and television), there was a certain consensus between clients and advertising agencies regarding the distinct roles of each medium and the advertising expressions suited to them. While this consensus might have been based on experience and intuition, I recall it being quite useful.

This paper presents the results of an experiment using research and statistical analysis to explore whether the same can be achieved with video advertising.

We hope this serves as a catalyst for strategic planners, creatives, media planners, sales teams... all the "video advertising chefs" who consider video ads as solutions.


"CM Types and Attitude Change in Video Advertising Media" Survey Overview
● Survey Area:
Nationwide
● Survey Method: Web-based survey
● Survey Period: October 2016
● Target Age: 15 years old (high school students and above) to 59 years old, both men and women
● Target Criteria: Respondents must use "7 or more" of the media types covered in this survey "at least once a week"
● Sample Size: 2,301 (excluding respondents with identical answers)


【Contact】
Dentsu Inc. Media Innovation Research Department
infomedia@dentsu.co.jp

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Author

Naota Ogura

Naota Ogura

Dentsu Inc.

After working in newspaper advertising, he served as an Account Executive (AE) for telecommunications companies and restaurant chains, involved in planning various advertising campaigns. Following his work as a Media Planner, he joined the Dentsu Inc. Media Innovation Lab in 2016. There, he was engaged in uncovering and disseminating the latest media usage insights, spanning television to social media. In 2019, he became the representative of the Future Prediction Support Lab. In July 2021, he established the Future Business Creation Lab, building upon insights developed at the Future Prediction Support Lab. The lab supports the development of new businesses and products from a future-oriented perspective. In November 2021, he launched the consumer research project "DENTSU DESIRE DESIGN," working to develop solutions for stimulating consumption based on desire insights. Authored "Information Media White Paper 2018" and "Information Media White Paper 2019" (Diamond Inc., both co-authored).

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